Prediction of concrete frost resistance using microstructural analysis using the example of vibropressed products

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study on vibrocompressed concrete slabs produced using various technological additives. Modern methods for evaluating their structural and performance characteristics are reviewed.

The aim of the work is the approbation of a method for rapid prediction of the frost resistance of concrete products. The implementation of such a method will significantly reduce the time required for assessing product durability compared to traditional prolonged cyclic tests.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were samples of vibrocompressed paving slabs manufactured under plant conditions. The nominal characteristics of the samples correspond to concrete strength class B30, frost resistance grade F200, and service group B in accordance with State Standard 17608-2017. Complexes of technological additives were used to modify the properties of the concrete mixture: plasticizing, water-reducing, and air-entraining. The following tests were conducted: determination of frost resistance in accordance with Appendix E of State Standard 17608-2017; Microstructural analysis using the method of State Standard R 70753-2023.

Results. Microstructural analysis revealed significant changes in the structure of the hardened concrete that directly affect its frost resistance. Based on the data obtained, a hypothesis was put forward that the key factor for durability is the presence and quantitative ratio of pores of two fractions: large pores with a diameter from 1 to 4 mm; small pores with a diameter from 0 to 0.3 mm.

Conclusions. The conducted research confirms the relevance and scientific novelty of the topic. The obtained results allow for the following conclusions: а correlation was identified between the parameters of the pore structure formed during vibrocompression and the frost resistance of the concrete; the proposed comprehensive approach, combining standard frost resistance tests and quantitative microstructural analysis, is a promising basis for developing an express method for predicting durability. For the successful implementation of the methodology, it is necessary to develop a detailed program for further research aimed at establishing quantitative assessment criteria and validating the method for various concrete compositions.

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