The influence of the type of aggregates on the physical and technical characteristics of high-strength self-compacting cement systems

Introduction. The results of studies of high-strength self-compacting cement systems with various types of aggregate are presented, that show that the reduced average density and the possibility of changing the modulus of elasticity in a wide range make high-strength lightweight concretes the preferred structural material, allowing to reduce the weight and the consumption of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures of high-rise buildings, bridges and overpasses, as well as buildings being built in earthquake-prone regions.

Aim. Comparative assessment of the effect of the type of aggregate of dense rocks and light porous materials on the average density, strength and deformation characteristics of high-strength self-compacting cement systems – cement stone, fine-grained, heavy and light concrete.

Materials and methods. All cement systems were manufactured using modified high-strength cement stone of the same quality based on Portland cement and an organomineral modifier of the MB type in an amount of 24 % by weight of cement with a true water-binding ratio of 0.25. Aggregates of dense rocks (quartz sand, granite and basalt crushed stone) and light porous materials of artificial (expanded clay gravel) and natural (tuff crushed stone) origin were used in the production of concrete.

Results. The strength (cubic and prismatic compressive strength) and deformation (initial modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio and maximum relative compression deformations) characteristics of six high-strength self-compacting cement systems of compressive strength classes B64–B88 with a wide range of average density (from 1842 to 2497 kg/m³) were determined using standardized and special techniques. The resistance of concrete to axial compression is in the range of 55.2–78.4 MPa and significantly exceeds the regulatory values for SP 63.13330.2018. The maximum relative deformations of high-strength concretes depend more on the volume content of cement stone than on the type of aggregate and compressive strength. The introduction of light porous aggregates into the cement system instead of aggregates from dense rocks made it possible to obtain high-strength self-compacting lightweight concretes of classes B64–B72 with an average density reduced by 17–26 % and an elastic modulus of 29.5–33.9 MPa.

Conclusions. Varying the type and volume of aggregates used makes it possible to obtain high-strength self-compacting light, fine-grained and heavy concretes of classes B60–B100 grades of average density D1800–D2500 with adjustable deformation characteristics.

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