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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bzhb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бетон и железобетон</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concrete and Reinforced Concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0005-9889</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1302</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/0005-9889-2026-3-(634)-13-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DENZQL</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bzhb-297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ИЗДЕЛИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность применения природного гравия в тяжёлом бетоне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficiency of natural gravel application in heavyweight concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2174-7512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзапаров</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzaparov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дзапаров Марат Эдуардович, аспирант</p><p>Владикавказ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat E. Dzaparov*, Postgraduate Student</p><p>Vladikavkaz</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat.dzaparov.98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3448-9260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еналдиева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enaldieva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еналдиева Мадина Анатольевна, кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Начертательная геометрия и геодезия»</p><p>Владикавказ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina A. Enaldieva, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Descriptive Geometry and Geodesy</p><p>Vladikavkaz</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бигулаев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bigulaev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бигулаев Александр Александрович, кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Теоретическая и прикладная механика»</p><p>Владикавказ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Bigulaev, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</p><p>Vladikavkaz</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7376-5661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баев</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baev</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баев Заурбек Аланович, магистрант</p><p>Владикавказ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaurbek A. Baev, master’s Student</p><p>Vladikavkaz</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский горно-металлургический институт (государственный технологический университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>634</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дзапаров М.Э., Еналдиева М.А., Бигулаев А.А., Баев З.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзапаров М.Э., Еналдиева М.А., Бигулаев А.А., Баев З.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzaparov M.E., Enaldieva M.A., Bigulaev A.A., Baev Z.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/297">https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/297</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Дефицит и высокая стоимость гранитного щебня стимулируют поиск более доступных заполнителей для тяжёлого бетона. В статье представлены результаты лабораторного исследования, направленного на сравнение свойств тяжёлого бетона, приготовленного с использованием двух видов крупного заполнителя гранитного щебня и природного гравия фракции 5–20 мм.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обоснование технической и экономической целесообразности замены гранитного щебня на природный гравий в составе тяжёлого бетона при условии обеспечения прочностных характеристик не ниже требуемых.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Основное внимание уделено влиянию формы и поверхности зёрен заполнителя на водопотребность, прочность и стоимость бетонной смеси при одинаковой удобоукладываемости (марка по подвижности П5).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что применение гравия вместо щебня позволяет снизить расход воды [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], что приводит к уменьшению водоцементного отношения и, как следствие, к повышению прочности. В рассматриваемом в статье случае бетон на гравии достиг класса В20, в то время как аналог на щебне только класса В15. Экономический расчёт показал снижение себестоимости на 7,8 % при замене щебня на гравий. Выводы. Результаты эксперимента свидетельствуют о том, что при корректном подборе состава гравий может быть не только экономически выгодной, но и технически предпочтительной альтернативой щебню в производстве тяжёлого бетона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The shortage and high cost of granite crushed stone stimulate the search for more affordable aggregates for heavy concrete. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study aimed at comparing the properties of heavy concrete prepared using two types of coarse aggregate granite crushed stone and natural gravel of 5–20 mm fraction.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Substantiation of the technical and economic feasibility of replacing granite crushed stone with natural gravel in heavy concrete, provided that the strength characteristics are not lower than the required ones. Materials and methods. The main attention is paid to the influence of the shape and surface texture of aggregate particles on the water demand, strength, and cost of the concrete mixture under the same workability (slump class S5).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that the use of gravel instead of crushed stone reduces water demand [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], which leads to a decrease in the water-cement ratio and, consequently, to an increase in strength. In the case considered in this article, concrete with gravel achieved class B20, while its counterpart with crushed stone achieved only class B15. An economic calculation showed a cost reduction of 7.8 % when replacing crushed stone with gravel. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The experimental results indicate that, with proper mix design, gravel can be not only a cost-effective but also a technically preferable alternative to crushed stone in the production of heavy concrete.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжёлый бетон</kwd><kwd>гравий</kwd><kwd>щебень</kwd><kwd>водоцементное отношение</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>водопотребность</kwd><kwd>себестоимость</kwd><kwd>подвижность бетонной смеси</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heavy concrete</kwd><kwd>gravel</kwd><kwd>crushed stone</kwd><kwd>water-cement ratio</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>water demand</kwd><kwd>cost price</kwd><kwd>workability of concrete mixture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Несветаев Г.В. 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