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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bzhb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бетон и железобетон</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concrete and Reinforced Concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0005-9889</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1302</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/8/0005-9889-2026-2-(634)-19-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EVABM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bzhb-290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ИЗДЕЛИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геополимерные бетоны из гидроудаленных золошлаковых отходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geopolymer concrete from hydro removed coal ash</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>П.</surname><given-names>Козлов Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Геннадьевич Козлов, преподаватель</p><p>о. Русский, п. Аякс, 10, г. Владивосток, 690922</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel G. Kozlov, lecturer</p><p>10 Ajax Settlement, Russkiy Island, Vladivostok, 690922</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozlov.pg@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюбов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayubov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарман Аюбович Аюбов, канд. экон. наук, доцент, научный сотрудник</p><p>Старопромысловское шоссе, 21А, г. Грозный, 364020</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narman A. Ayubov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Research Fellow</p><p>21A Staropromyslovskoye Highway, Grozny, 364020</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Комплексный научно-исследовательский институт имени Х.И. Ибрагимова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kh.I. Ibragimov Integrated Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>634</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; П. К.Г., Аюбов Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">П. К.Г., Аюбов Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov P.G., Ayubov N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/290">https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/290</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Золоотвалы подвергают риску здоровье населения, а предприятия, вынужденные хранить золошлаковые отходы, несут значительные финансовые потери из-за негативного воздействия на окружающую среду, в свою очередь, золошлаковые отходы, после определенной подготовки, могут служить основой для производства конкурентоспособной бесцементной продукции строительного назначения, что является научной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка научно обоснованного технологического решения получения геополимерных строительных материалов на основе гидроудаленных золошлаковых отходов теплоэлектростанций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Основой для геополимеров были ЗШО Владивостокской ТЭЦ-2, Приморской ГРЭС и Артёмовской ТЭЦ Приморского края. Для комплексного исследования сырьевых компонентов и разработанных материалов были применены современные методы: рентгенофазовый анализ, энергодисперсионый микроанализ, сканирующая электронная микроскопия, дифференциально-термический анализ, инфракрасная спектроскопия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Усовершенствовано технологическое решение предварительной подготовки золошлаковых отходов, на основе которых разработано инновационное геополимерное вяжущее. Разработана широкая номенклатура составов геополимерных бетонов путём различной комбинации продуктов утилизации золошлаковых отходов. В отличие от продуктов гидратации традиционных портландцементных бетонов, представленных основными структурообразующими новообразованиями гидросиликатов кальция, в разработанных геополимерах микроструктура составлена гидроалюмосиликатами кальция и натрия. В этом случае, атомы алюминия, встроенные в кристаллическую решетку гидратных новообразований, значительно упрочняют ее.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Научно обоснована и экспериментально доказана эффективность применения золошлаковых отходов ТЭС в качестве источника для получения новых экологически безопасных геополимерных бетонов классов до В60 на сжатие и Вtb10,0 на растяжение при изгибе. Прочность при сжатии и изгибе разработанных материалов позволяет говорить об их конкурентоспособности по сравнению с традиционными портландцементными бетонами. Прочность при сжатии разработанных геополимеров в 2 раза превышает аналогичную характеристику для материалов на основе распространенного портландцемента ЦЕМ I 32,5H и в 1,5 раза выше чем для высокопрочного ЦЕМ I 42,5H.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ash dumps put public health at risk, and enterprises forced to store ash and slag waste incur significant financial losses due to the negative impact on the environment, in turn, bottom ash, after some preparation, can serve as the basis for the production of competitive cement-free construction products, which is a scientific task.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development of a scientifically based technological solution for the production of geopolymer building materials based on hydro-removed ash and slag waste from thermal power plants.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The basis for geopolymers were the combined heat and power plants of Vladivostok TPP-2, Primorskaya GRES and Artemovskaya TPP of Primorsky Krai. Modern methods were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and developed materials: X-ray phase analysis, energy dispersion microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The technological solution for the preliminary preparation of ash and slag waste has been improved, on the basis of which an innovative geopolymer binder has been developed. A wide range of geopolymer concrete compositions has been developed through various combinations of ash and slag waste disposal products. Unlike the hydration products of traditional Portland cement concretes, which are represented by the main structure-forming neoplasms of calcium silicate hydrates, the microstructure in the developed geopolymers is composed of calcium and sodium hydroaluminosilicates. In this case, aluminum atoms embedded in the crystal lattice of hydrated neoplasms significantly strengthen it. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The effectiveness of using ash and slag waste from thermal power plants as a source for producing new environmentally friendly geopolymer concretes of classes up to B60 for compression and Btb10.0 for bending tension has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. The compressive and flexural strength of the developed materials suggests their competitiveness in comparison with traditional Portland cement concretes. The compressive strength of the developed geopolymers is 2 times higher than the same characteristic for materials based on common Portland cement CEM I 32.5N and 1.5 times higher than for high-strength CEM I 42.5N.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геополимер</kwd><kwd>бетон</kwd><kwd>золошлаки</kwd><kwd>отходы</kwd><kwd>щелочная активация</kwd><kwd>прочность на сжатие</kwd><kwd>прочность на изгиб</kwd><kwd>состав</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geopolymer</kwd><kwd>concrete</kwd><kwd>ash and slag</kwd><kwd>waste</kwd><kwd>alkaline activation</kwd><kwd>compressive strength</kwd><kwd>flexural strength</kwd><kwd>composition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астафьева О.Е. Применение золошлаковых отходов в промышленности строительных материалов // Уголь. 2024. № 2(1177). С. 85–88. DOI 10.18796/0041-5790-2024-2-85-88. 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