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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bzhb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бетон и железобетон</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concrete and Reinforced Concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0005-9889</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1302</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/8/0005-9889-2026-3-(634)-66-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RDBAUV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bzhb-199</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ИЗДЕЛИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Износостойкость графеновых бетонов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Wear resistance of graphene concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юров Виктор Михайлович, канд. ф.-м. наук, доцент</p><p>пр. Республики, д. 3/2–40, г. Астана, 010000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor M. Yurov, Cand. Sci. (Physical and Mathematical), Associate Professor</p><p>Respublika av., 3/2–40, Astana c., 010000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">exciton@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жангозин</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhangozin</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канат Накошевич Жангозин, канд. ф.-м. наук, доцент, директор</p><p>пр. Республики, д. 3/2–40, г. Астана, 010000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kanat N. Zhangozin, Cand. Sci. (Physical and Mathematical), Associate Professor, Director</p><p>Respublika av., 3/2–40, Astana c., 010000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4kzh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каргин</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kargin</surname><given-names>J. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джумат Бейсембекович Каргин, канд. ф.-м. наук, профессор кафедры Технической физики, директор департамента коммерциализации технологий</p><p>ул. Сатпаева, д. 2, г. Астана, 010008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jumat B. Kargin, Cand. Sci. (Physical and Mathematical), Professor, Director of the Department of Technology Commercialization</p><p>Astana city, Satbaev str., 2, 010008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kargin_db@enu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуркасимов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurkasimov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азат Канатович Нуркасимов, докторант</p><p>ул. Сатпаева, д. 2, г. Астана, 010008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azat K. Nurkasimov, doctoral student</p><p>Astana city, Satbaev str., 2, 010008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nurkasimov_ak@enu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касымханов</surname><given-names>Ж. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasymkhanov</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жаннур Сайлаубекович Касымханов, докторант</p><p>ул. Сатпаева, д. 2, г. Астана, 010008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhannur S. Kasymkhanov, Doctoral student</p><p>Astana city, Satbaev str., 2, 010008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kassymkhanov_ZhS@enu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ТОО «ТСК-Восток»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TOO “TSK Vostok”</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>634</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юров В.М., Жангозин К.Н., Каргин Д.Б., Нуркасимов А.К., Касымханов Ж.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юров В.М., Жангозин К.Н., Каргин Д.Б., Нуркасимов А.К., Касымханов Ж.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurov V.M., Zhangozin K.N., Kargin J.B., Nurkasimov A.K., Kasymkhanov Z.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/199">https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/199</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На сегодняшний день количество публикаций по бетону с примесью графена и оксида графена перевалило за 3000. Однако существует недостаток этих работ (в большом количестве), который состоит в том, что при получении бетона нет контроля числа монослоев графена, а для природного графита число монослоев равно трем. Когда число монослоев выше трех, то он переходит в графит, свойства которого отличны от уникального одноатомного графена. Поэтому в опубликованных работах наблюдается большая разница по свойствам бетона.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать технологию получения графенового бетона с контролируемым числом монослоёв графена и исследовать влияние графена и оксида графена на износостойкость бетона.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Стандартный бетон приготавливался следующим образом: водный раствор с оксидом графена (GO) и с восстановленным оксидом графена (rGO) помещался в ванну, где ультразвуковым излучателем создавалось ультразвуковое поле и проводилось расслоение графита и оксида графита на монослои графена и оксида графена; при этом частота ультразвукового поля подбиралась из «скрытой» энергии деформации образцов; контроль за расслоением графита проводился по спектрам УФ-излучения и спектрам Рамана; цемент М400; щебень с размерами зерен 5–20 мм; песок марки М2,5–2,9; мешалка VORONEZHFortis; вибростол; объем бетона 10 л. Полученные образцы бетона испытывались на прессе ПГМ-2000МГ4.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В период от 1 до 7 суток прочность образцов на сжатие относительно контрольных образцов увеличилась от 13 до 63 %, а до 14 суток от 16 до 62 %. Относительно влияния графеновой суспензии можно сделать вывод: происходит расслоение графита и оксида графита на монослои графена и оксида графена в ультразвуковом поле определенной частоты; большая удельная поверхность графена и оксида графена служит источником кристаллизации и затвердевания бетона.</p><p>Перечисленные эффекты особенно сильно проявляются при концентрациях графена или оксида графена в области 0,05–0,07 мас. % от массы бетонной смеси. При превышении этой концентрации идет коагуляция монослоев графена и превращение их в графит.</p><p>Для получения графеновых бетонов высокой износостойкости на производстве нужно выдерживать регламент по получению суспензии в ультразвуковом поле, как описано выше.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В статье предложена модель трещин в графеновом бетоне на основе теории катастроф, из которой следует, что и графен и оксид графена входят в межслоевую область, разрушая структуру геля C–S–H за счет резкого уменьшения молярной массы соединения. Это является тормозом движения нанотрещин, которые возникают в любом твердом теле при образовании его поверхности. Показано, что модификация бетона оксидами графена повышает его износостойкость в 4-5 раз по отношению к стандартному бетону.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Today, the number of publications on concrete with an admixture of graphene and graphene oxide has exceeded 3000. However, there is a drawback to these works (in large quantities), which is that when producing concrete, there is no control over the number of graphene monolayers, and for natural graphite the number of monolayers is three. When the number of monolayers exceeds three, it turns into graphite, the properties of which are different from the unique monatomic graphene. Therefore, there is a large difference in the properties of concrete in published works.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop a technology for producing graphene concrete with a controlled number of graphene monolayers and to investigate the effect of graphene and graphene oxide on concrete wear resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Standard concrete was prepared as follows: an aqueous solution with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was placed in a bath, where an ultrasonic emitter created an ultrasonic field and the graphite and graphite oxide were separated into monolayers of graphene and graphene oxide; the frequency of the ultrasonic field was selected from the “latent” energy of deformation of the samples; graphite delamination was monitored using UV and Raman spectra; M400 cement; crushed stone with grain sizes of 5–20 mm; sand grade M2.5–2.9; VORONEZHFortis mixer; vibrating table; concrete volume 10 L. The resulting concrete samples were tested on a PGM-2000MG4 press. Results.</p><p>In the period from 1 to 7 days, the compressive strength of the samples relative to the control samples increased from 13 to 63 %, and up to 14 days from 16 to 62 %. Regarding the effect of the graphene suspension, the following conclusion can be made: stratification of graphite and graphite oxide into monolayers of graphene and graphene oxide occurs in an ultrasonic field of a certain frequency; the large specific surface area of graphene and graphene oxide serve as a source of crystallization and hardening of concrete.</p><p>The above effects are especially pronounced at concentrations of graphene or graphene oxide in the range of 0.05 0.07 % of the concrete mixture. At higher concentrations, coagulation of graphene monolayers and their transformation into graphite occurs.</p><p>To obtain highly wear-resistant graphene concretes in production, it is necessary to adhere to the regulations for obtaining a suspension in an ultrasonic field, as described above.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The article proposes a model of cracks in graphene concrete based on the theory of catastrophes, from which it follows that both graphene and graphene oxide enter the interlayer region, destroying the structure of the C–S–H gel due to a sharp decrease in the molar mass of the compound. This is a brake on the movement of nanocracks that occur in any solid when its surface is formed. It has been shown that modifing concrete with graphene oxides increases its wear recistence by 4-5 times compared to standard concrete.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бетон</kwd><kwd>поверхностный слой</kwd><kwd>монослой</kwd><kwd>графит</kwd><kwd>графен</kwd><kwd>оксид графена</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd><kwd>суспензия</kwd><kwd>модификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>concrete</kwd><kwd>surface layer</kwd><kwd>monolayer</kwd><kwd>graphite</kwd><kwd>graphene</kwd><kwd>graphene oxide</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd><kwd>suspension</kwd><kwd>modification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Научная статья опубликована в рамках выполнения грантового финансирования на 2024–2026 годы ИРН № АР23488258. Исследование финансируется Комитетом науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This scientific article was published within the framework of the grant funding for 2024–2026 IRN No. AP32488258. The research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K., Morozov S.V., Jiang D., Zhang Y., Dubonos S.V., Grigorieva I.V., Firsov A.A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, vol. 306, no. 5696, pp. 666–669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novoselov K.S., Geim A.K., Morozov S.V., Jiang D., Zhang Y., Dubonos S.V., Grigorieva I.V., Firsov A.A. 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