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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bzhb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бетон и железобетон</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concrete and Reinforced Concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0005-9889</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1302</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/0005-9889-2025-3(628)-20-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YAKLXG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bzhb-188</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ, ЗДАНИЯ И СООРУЖЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING STRUCTURES, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение расчетной ширины раскрытия трещин на раннем этапе твердения бетона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of the estimated crack opening width at an early stage of concrete hardening</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жалнин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhalnin</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абузарр Каримович Жалнин, аспирант, АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва</p><p>e-mail: abduzarr@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abuzarr K. Zhalnin, Postgraduate Student, JSC Redearch Center of Construction, Moscow</p><p>e-mail: abduzarr@mail.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Redearch Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>628</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жалнин А.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жалнин А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhalnin A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/188">https://www.bzhb.ru/jour/article/view/188</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Расчет ширины раскрытия трещины является одним из требований к эксплуатационной надежности железобетонных конструкций. Возникновение трещин в железобетонных элементах происходит как при эксплуатационных нагрузках, так и в начальный период набора прочности из-за низкой прочности бетона на растяжение и характера его работы в целом. Возрастающая скорость строительства требует учитывать термонапряженное состояние не только массивных, но и обычных конструкций в раннем возрасте бетона, в том числе выполнять расчет ширины раскрытия трещин на этапе набора прочности, для обеспечения проектных и эксплуатационных характеристик конструкций и оценки возможности нагружения конструкций, бетон которых пока не достиг своих эксплуатационных характеристик.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследование направлено на анализ необходимости учета особенности бетона в раннем возрасте (соотношение прочности и модуля деформаций отличается от проектного возраста) при расчете ширины раскрытия трещин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе проведен анализ методов расчета, заложенных в нормативных документах. Выполнены расчеты ширины раскрытия трещин для железобетонных сечений с разным процентом армирования. Выполнено сравнение расчетных методик и полученных значений ширины раскрытия трещин по различным нормативным документам для бетона на ранних стадиях твердения, а также выполнена оценка влияния изменения модуля упругости на процесс трещинообразования. Анализ выполнен с учетом как нормативного модуля упругости бетона (28 суток), так и его сниженного значения на 7 сутки. Использованы данные экспериментальных исследований для верификации результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что снижение модуля упругости бетона на ранних стадиях твердения (до 24 %) приводит к увеличению расчетной ширины трещин (до 11 %) при идентичной прочности.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Результаты исследования подчеркивают необходимость учета изменения модуля упругости бетона на ранних стадиях твердения при проектировании конструкций. Это позволит более точно прогнозировать ширину раскрытия трещин, включая температурноусадочные, и обеспечит повышение надежности железобетонных конструкций в процессе эксплуатации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The calculation of the crack opening width is one of the requirements for the operational reliability of reinforced concrete structures. Cracks in reinforced concrete elements occur both under operating loads and during the initial period of strength gain due to the low tensile strength of concrete and the nature of its operation in general. The increasing speed of construction requires taking into account the thermally stressed state of not only massive, but also conventional structures at an early age of concrete, including calculating the crack opening width at the strength gain stage to ensure the design and operational characteristics of structures and assess the possibility of the loading of the structures whose concrete has not yet reached its operational characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study is aimed at analyzing the need to take into account the features of concrete at an early age (the ratio of strength and modulus of deformation differs from the design age) when calculating the crack opening width.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the calculation methods laid down in the regulatory documents. Calculations of crack opening widths for reinforced concrete sections with different percentages of reinforcement have been performed. A comparison of the calculation methods and the obtained values of the crack opening width according to various regulatory documents for concrete in the early stages of hardening was performed, as well as an assessment of the effect of changes in the modulus of elasticity on the cracking process. The analysis was performed taking into account both the standard modulus of elasticity of concrete (28 days) and its reduced value on day 7. Experimental research data was used to verify the results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that a decrease in the modulus of elasticity of concrete in the early stages of hardening (up to 24 %) leads to an increase in the estimated crack width (up to 11 %) with identical strength.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results of the study emphasize the need to take into account the changes in the modulus of elasticity of concrete in the early stages of hardening when designing the structures. This will make it possible to more accurately predict the crack opening width, including temperature and shrinkage, and will increase the reliability of reinforced concrete structures during operation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железобетон</kwd><kwd>ширина раскрытия трещин</kwd><kwd>модуль упругости бетона в период твердения</kwd><kwd>температурно-усадочные трещины</kwd><kwd>трещиностойкость конструкций</kwd><kwd>гидратация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reinforced concrete</kwd><kwd>crack opening width</kwd><kwd>modulus of elasticity of concrete during hardening</kwd><kwd>temperature-shrinkage cracks</kwd><kwd>crack resistance of structures</kwd><kwd>hydration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лолейт А.Ф. Курс теории проектирования железобетона для строительных техникумов, основы теории и проектирования. 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